William sent in the link – https://eos.org/research-spotlights/explaining-unexpected-twists-in-the-… …
… space weather forecasting is hindered by what happens to the earth's magnetic field when the solar wind becomes highly active and buffets the ionosphere. When the field lines of the sun and the earth touch each other they can suddenly link together and explosively realign. So far so good. The field lines rebound, sparking geomagnetic storms – and these send radiation towards the lower atmosphere. However, we then get into a discussion about magnetic reconnection and other theories, which some people might disagree with. Science is getting closer and closer to understanding the role of the solar wind – and how the sun might work.