At https://phys.org/news/2026-01-image-precipice-angola.html … the Hulla plateau sits above an arid continental plain, a regiong of high cliffs and chasms in SW Angola. The topography roughly runs parallel to the edge of the continent, we are told, but also veers inland. It occurs from Namibia to Angola but then veers left into a corner of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. An off land form that requires a bit more research on the Net. The link is basically to an image [s] of the precipice like formation. Scientists seem to be saying that after the break-up of Pangaea, in the Jurassic era, erosion has worn away at Africa’s continental margin. The escarpment now sits some 50 to 200 km from the coast [or 20 to 120 miles]. Tis seems to suggest some prehistoric uplift along the edge of western Africa.
At https://phys.org/news/2026-01-marine-geoscientists-link-ancient-ocean.html … here we are told it is a salty blob of ocean water that caused rapid warming at the end of the last Ice Age – 18,000 years ago. They are referring to the Late Glacial Maximum and the onset of the Oldest Dryas event. We are told, further, that salt levels in deep water may influence co2 in the atmosphere. Oceans contain lots of carbon dioxide – especially at depth. This is derived from the carbon shells of small marine life such as foraminifera. They die and sink to the bottom of the oceans. The authors suggest that differences in the global ocean conveyor belt [you may need to look that up], drive overturning not just of upper ocean currents but deep ocean currents too. During the Late Glacial Maximum temperatures in N E America and NW Europe plunged dramatically, reaching a peak in glaciation at around 20,000 years ago. At 18,000 years agothe India Ocean suddenly became much saltier for around a thousand years. The salt, they claim, had an origin in deep water that had been churned up by ocean currents. This led to to release of co2 – casuing a warming [the glacial sheet shrank back]. On the other hand, dryas events are usually associated with cold weather – so what was going on? The ice sheets in NE America and NW Europe certainly did recede – and also ice and cold weather in SE Australia. These two locations are important, bearing in mind it was the Indian Ocean that displays a salty blob. One might posit a pole shift. Not by a great deal but enough to move the Arctic Circle from its location with a centre on the Canadian Shield, to a new centre point off Greenland. At the same time elephants [mammoths] grazing in eastern Siberia became caught out and perished. A pole shift involves a new geoid with the oceans of the world readjusting themselves – at the poles and at the equatorial bulge. One effect was to strand Lake Titicaca, formerly a lagoon on the coast, on high ground – the bulge moving elsewhere [with the new equator]. As such, a salty blob of bottom water could quite easily have been dislodged.
On a similar theme, but much earlier in time, we are told ammonites survived the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs and a lot of marine life. See https://phys.org/news/2026-01-ammonites-survived-asteroid-impact-dinosaurs.html … Ammonites, along with pleisosaurs and dinosaurs, are thought to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. The iridium layer known as the K-Pg boundary in new terminology [formerly the K-T boundary event]. Ammonites are related to modern squid and octopus but have a spiral shell instead. In Jurassic limestone country ammonites often feature in the walls of buildings. In fields west of Aylesbury they are broken up by ploughs and appear to be as common as flints in chalk geology. A new study suggests they actually survived the initial stages of the post asteroid strike period – the so called Palaeogene. The first stage of the Tertiary. As an aside, in southern Britain the Palaeogene sometimes consists of a layer of sandstone that sits directly on top of the chalk. It is actually the sarsen stone that has been left strewn across the surface of Wiltshire, found in large lumps and recycled as stones at Stonehenge and other Neolithic monuments. To the east the sandstone [sarsen] is buried by later geology but can often be found in tree roots. In the 19th century much of this was dug out of the ground and used as cobble stones in towns, and in London. Stone seekers used long rods they pushed into the ground until they struck the hard sandstone layer. It was then time to shovel out the overburden in order to lift the stone.
to be finished later