How do you preserve a spider’s web in amber? At https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/09/they-found-spider-web-perfectly-intact/ … the amber comes from Ecuador. Not in the mountains but in the Amazonian region – and on this occasion, 112 million years ago [in early Cretaceous]. Might have something to do with end of Jurassic – with an emphasis on might. In other words, the amber dates prior to the elevation of the Andes mountains and its foothills. It is thought that South America was still attached to Africa – but I have not checked out the geochronological position for that statement, as read. The amber itself comes from the resin of trees living at that point in time. The amber trapped many small animals and insects – so must have amounted to a large flow. This is consistent with a catastrophic event of some kind, uprooting trees perhaps, and mangling them. Insects were the primary inhabitants of the amber. Not surprising as many insects live on trees, or take a rest on trees. Fragments of a spiders web was also preserved. Interestingly, we are then informed the amber was embedded in a fluvial sedimentary layer that also contained pollen, spores, and fossilised leaves from ferns, cycads, and even from flowering plants [angiosperms]. Fluvial = watery. Were the trees carried and dumped by a river or by a huge wave of water. If the latter it would have required a massive tidal wave. No wonder they shied away from that idea. Of course, raging rivers are nothing new and is the most likely explanation. Especially if laid down fairly rapidly.
At https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/09/tunnels-underground-giant-sloths-dug-them/ … huge underground tunnels beneath the surface of Brazil and Argentina appear to have been excavated by animals. It is suggested, in this instance, by giant ground sloths during the Ice Age. These are thought to be super sized herbivores the size of elephants. The largest burrow found so far stretches for 2000 feet in length. Sine 1500 burrows have been identified so far – with smooth walls, arched ceilings, and claw marks etched on to them.