At https://phys.org/new/2025-10-longstanding-ice-giant-classification-uranus.html … a modeling study of Uranus and Neptune has brought some scepticism to the theory of ice giants. It seems, modeling suggests, they are composed of rocks and water. In context, Jupiter and Saturn, it is alleged, are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. They are gas giants. For the relevant paper – currently on the pre-printer server arXiv – go to https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.00175 …
At the following link we have another paper currently on the pre-print server, arXiv. At https://phys.org/news/2025-10-hot-gaseous-outflow-galaxy-ngc.jhtml …. using ESAs XMM-Newton satellite, astronomers have conducted deep observation of a massive galaxy, NGC5746. They detected a hot gaseous outflow – presumably plasma. For more information go to the arXiv platform at https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.00868 …
Finally, at https://phys.org/news/2025-10-cosmic-life-earth.html … it is not just comets or asteroids but cosmic dust itself that may have sparked life on Earth. This is the central theme at the link – without saying that some of the cosmic dust itself could have an origin in comets discharging material in the solar system. Amino acids may have travelled to Earth on insterstellar cosmic dust grains. Amino acids are the molecular foundations of proteins and enzymes. These drive biological processes in living organisms.