With Etna showing signs of life once again, and the Iceland volcano springing to life, subsiding, and springing to life again on several occasions, the world is looking rather problematical as volcanoes spew out an awful lot of co2 [among other substances, some of them poisonous]. At https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/volcanos/tonga-volcano-eruption-was-fueled-by-2-merging-chambers-that-are-still-brimming-with-magma … where we learn the magma plumbing system beneath the Tonga sumarine volcano is being mapped by geologists. They have found two merging chambers. These fed the 2022 eruption. Although they have revealed what fueled the volcano they have yet to explain what triggered the eruption.
At https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/volcanos/breathtaking-photos-show-wall-of-lava-erupting-from-volcano-on-icelands-reykjanes-peninsula …. which has a lot of images of the event that was in the news last week. Not so much this week. At Down to Earth 133 we are told that after several weeks of earthquakes and swelling of the ground surface, on the evening of December 18th, the Reykjanes volcano outburst began. The eruption has followed a pattern of an initial basaltic eruption with a curtain of fire, It then died down and was restricted to a few active spots. As of December 22nd lava is no longer being erupted although steam is still rising here and there. At around the same point in time an earthquake struck a remote part of northwest China.